Responding to Terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina – Legal Perspectives
Keywords:
terrorism, Bosnia and Herzegovina, national security, criminal legislation, special investigative actions.Abstract
Terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) poses a significant security threat. The terrorist attacks which have been carried out or prevented, BiH citizens who travel to Syria to join terrorist groups, their return home and prosecution open up numerous questions regarding the efficiency of the criminal justice system when dealing with terrorist threats. Response to terrorism is complex and encompasses various measures at the international and national levels. A key precondition for an effective fight against terrorism at the national level is the criminal law framework. This paper addresses substantive criminal law and criminal procedure law in BiH with regard to terrorism offenses and terrorism-related offenses and analyzes the specificities of criminalization in the BiH Criminal Code, the entity criminal codes (Republika Srpska and the Federation of BiH), and the Brčko District of BiH. Finally, the solutions contained in the criminal procedure laws regarding the application of special investigative actions are presented, followed by a critical review of specific legal solutions.: terrorism, Bosnia and Herzegovina, national security, criminal legislation, special investigative actions.
References
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Buha, M. (2019). Izmjena odredaba Zakona o krivičnom postupku BiH – RS o posebnim istražnim radnjama u svjetlu odluke Ustavnog suda BiH“ (123-135). Zbornik radova Posebne istražne radnje, Sarajevo: Pravosudni forum za Bosnu i Hercegovinu.
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De Graaf, B. (2011). Evaluating counterterrorism performance: A comparative study. London/New York: Routledge.
Dimitrijević, D. (2018). Evropski pravni okvir za suzbijanje međunarodnog terorizma. Evropsko zakonodavstvo, 17(64), 156-174.
Gaćinović, R. (2006). Antiterorizam. Beograd: Draslar partner.
Ganor, B. (2002). Defining terrorism: Is one man's terrorist another man's freedom fighter?. Police Practice and Research, 3(4), 287-304.
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997). Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 7/2003 (Međunarodna konvencija o zabrani terorističkih bombaških napada iz 1997. Službeni glasnik Bosne i Hercegovine br. 7/2003).
Kolarić, D. (2013). Nova koncepcija krivičnih dela terorizma u Krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srbije. Crimen, 4, 49-71.
Krueger, A. B., & Malečková, J. (2003). Education, poverty and terrorism: Is there a causal connection?. Journal of Economic perspectives, 17(4), 119-144.
Londras, F. (2010). Terrorism as an International Crime. In: William Schabas & Nadia Bernaz (eds). Routledge Handbook on International Criminal Law. London: Routledge.
Peterson, P. G. (2002). Public diplomacy and the war on terrorism. Foreign Affairs, 81(5), 74-94.
Ramraj, V. V., Hor, M., & Roach, K. (Eds.). (2009). Global anti-terrorism law and policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ristivojević, B. (2011). O zaštitnom objektu zločina protiv čovečnosti: novo ruho međunarodnog prava o ljudskim pravima. Crimen(II) 1, 52-66.
Roberts, A. (2002). Counter-terrorism, armed force and the laws of war. Survival, 44(1), 7-32.
Škulić, M. (2006). Pojam međunarodnog krivičnog dela. Međunarodni naučni skup: Pojam međunarodnog krivičnog prava. Udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, Tara, 88 -110.
Škulić, M. (2016). Posebne dokazne radnje u funkciji suzbijanja terorizma i osnovni pravni aspekti protivterorističkog djelovanja vojnih snaga. Vojno delo, 6, 275-292.
Stojanović, Z., & Delić, N. (2019). Krivično pravo–posebni deo, šesto dopunjeno izdanje. Pravna knjiga: Beograd.
Thomas, P. (2016). Youth, terrorism and education: Britain’s Prevent programme. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 35(2), 171-187.
Young, R. (2006). Defining terrorism: The evolution of terrorism as a legal concept in international law and its influence on definitions in domestic legislation. BC Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., 29, 23.
Azinović V. (2013). Bosnia and Herzegovina and Terrorism 1996-2011: Defining the Threat, Devising Counterterrorism Strategy. In: J. Le Bau (Ed.), The Dangerous Landscape: International Perspectives onTwenty-First Century Terrorism; Transnational Challenge, Interna- tional Responses, (pp. 191-210). Procon Ltd.
Beckman, J. (2007). Comparative legal approaches to homeland security and anti-terrorism. London: Routledge.
Boister, N. (2003). Transnational criminal law?. European Journal of International Law, 14(5), 953-976.
Buha, M. (2018). (NE)zakonitost posebnih istražnih radnji. Srpska pravna misao, 51, 41-57.
Buha, M. (2019). Izmjena odredaba Zakona o krivičnom postupku BiH – RS o posebnim istražnim radnjama u svjetlu odluke Ustavnog suda BiH“ (123-135). Zbornik radova Posebne istražne radnje, Sarajevo: Pravosudni forum za Bosnu i Hercegovinu.
Cassese, A. (2006). The multifaceted criminal notion of terrorism in international law. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(5), 933-958.
Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950). (Evropska konvencija o zaštiti ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda, Konvencija Savjeta Evrope iz 1950).
Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism (2005). Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 14/2007. (Konvencija Vijeća Evrope o pranju, traganju, privremenom oduzimanju i oduzimanju prihoda stečenih krivičnim djelom i finansiranjem terorizma iz 2005. Službeni glasnik Bosne i Hercegovine br. 14/2007).
Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (2005). Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 14/2007. (Konvencija Savjeta Evrope o sprečavanju terorizma, Službeni glasnik Bosne i Hercegovine br. 14/2007).
Council of Europe Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism (1977). Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 12/2003 (Evropska konvencija o sprečavanju terorizma iz 2005. Službeni glasnik Bosne i Hercegovine br. 12/2003).
Crelinsten, R. (2013). Counterterrorism. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 03/03, Amendments and additions to the Code (Krivični zakon Bosne i Hercegovine, br. 03/03, izmjene i dopune zakona). Downloaded 5 May, 2021 http://www.tuzilastvobih.gov.ba/?opcija=sadrzaj&kat=4&id=40&jezik=s.
Criminal Code of Republika Srpska, Official Gazette of Republika Srpska, 64/17, 15/21 (Krivični zakonik Republike Srpske, Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske, 64/17, 15/21).
Criminal Code of the Brčko District, Official Gazette of the Brčko District, No. 19/2020 (Krivični zakon Brčkog Distriksta, Službeni glasnik Brčkog Distrikta, br. 19/2020).
Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 36/03, Amendment and additions to the Code (Krivični zakon Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, glava XVIII krivična djela terorizma, Službene novine Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, br. 36/03, izmjene i dopune zakona). Downloaded March 3, 2021 http://www.tuzilastvobih.gov.ba/?opcija=sadrzaj&kat=4&id=42&jezik=s .
Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 03/03 (Zakon o krivičnom postupku Bosne i Hercegovine, Službeni glasnik Bosne i Hercegovine, br. 03/03). Downloaded 5 May, 2021 http://www.tuzilastvobih.gov.ba/?opcija=sadrzaj&kat=4&id=40&jezik=s
Criminal Procedure Code of Republika Srpska, No. 53/12 (Zakon o krivičnom postupku Republike Srpske, Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske br. 53/12). Downloaded May 3, 2021 http://www.tuzilastvobih.gov.ba/?opcija=sadrzaj&kat=4&id=43&jezik=s
Criminal Procedure Code of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nos. 34/2013, 27/2014, 3/2019, 16/2020 (Zakon o krivičnom postupku Brčkog Distrikta, glava IX posebne istražne radnje, „Službeni glasnik Brčkog Distrikta“, br. 34/2013, 27/2014, 3/2019, 16/2020).
Criminal Procedure Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 35/03 (Zakon o krivičnom postupku Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, glava IX posebne istražne radnje, Službene novine Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, br. 35/03). Downloaded May 3, 2021 http://www.tuzilastvobih.gov.ba/?opcija=sadrzaj&kat=4&id=42&jezik=s .
Cryer, R., Friman, H., Robinson D. & Wilmshurst, E. (2010). An Interduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge – New York – Melbourne.
De Graaf, B. (2011). Evaluating counterterrorism performance: A comparative study. London/New York: Routledge.
Dimitrijević, D. (2018). Evropski pravni okvir za suzbijanje međunarodnog terorizma. Evropsko zakonodavstvo, 17(64), 156-174.
Gaćinović, R. (2006). Antiterorizam. Beograd: Draslar partner.
Ganor, B. (2002). Defining terrorism: Is one man's terrorist another man's freedom fighter?. Police Practice and Research, 3(4), 287-304.
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997). Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 7/2003 (Međunarodna konvencija o zabrani terorističkih bombaških napada iz 1997. Službeni glasnik Bosne i Hercegovine br. 7/2003).
Kolarić, D. (2013). Nova koncepcija krivičnih dela terorizma u Krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srbije. Crimen, 4, 49-71.
Krueger, A. B., & Malečková, J. (2003). Education, poverty and terrorism: Is there a causal connection?. Journal of Economic perspectives, 17(4), 119-144.
Londras, F. (2010). Terrorism as an International Crime. In: William Schabas & Nadia Bernaz (eds). Routledge Handbook on International Criminal Law. London: Routledge.
Peterson, P. G. (2002). Public diplomacy and the war on terrorism. Foreign Affairs, 81(5), 74-94.
Ramraj, V. V., Hor, M., & Roach, K. (Eds.). (2009). Global anti-terrorism law and policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ristivojević, B. (2011). O zaštitnom objektu zločina protiv čovečnosti: novo ruho međunarodnog prava o ljudskim pravima. Crimen(II) 1, 52-66.
Roberts, A. (2002). Counter-terrorism, armed force and the laws of war. Survival, 44(1), 7-32.
Škulić, M. (2006). Pojam međunarodnog krivičnog dela. Međunarodni naučni skup: Pojam međunarodnog krivičnog prava. Udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, Tara, 88 -110.
Škulić, M. (2016). Posebne dokazne radnje u funkciji suzbijanja terorizma i osnovni pravni aspekti protivterorističkog djelovanja vojnih snaga. Vojno delo, 6, 275-292.
Stojanović, Z., & Delić, N. (2019). Krivično pravo–posebni deo, šesto dopunjeno izdanje. Pravna knjiga: Beograd.
Thomas, P. (2016). Youth, terrorism and education: Britain’s Prevent programme. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 35(2), 171-187.
Young, R. (2006). Defining terrorism: The evolution of terrorism as a legal concept in international law and its influence on definitions in domestic legislation. BC Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., 29, 23.
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2021-11-26
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Criminalistic and Criminal Justice Aspects in Solving and Proving of Criminal Of
