the THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF COCAINE - DRUG MULES
Keywords:
Key words: women, drug trade,Abstract
Purpose: International trade drugs represents one from the most profitable and the most dangerous shape organized crime, so women everything more often occupy specific roles inside quiet criminal network. One of the most represented role yes role so-called drug mules – person which serve as physical transmitters drugs over state border. Although are these women often presented as ordinary perpetrator criminal or even victims circumstances, deeper analysis reveals complex network social, economic and gender factor which affect on their participation on the occasion transport cocaine. This phenomenon not new, but in modern context mass migration, social status, gender subordination and economic insecurities gets new dimension.
Coordinates and methods in which this work will be carried out: Goal this one work is to analyze role woman like " mules" in within international shops drugs, with special focus on reasons their participation, their psychological profile and dilemma between their roles as perpetrator criminal works and victims. In work will to be analyzed ways on which women participate in the transmission and trade cocaine within international criminal network. Special attention being dedicated methods smuggling, including bodily transmission, hidden luggage and roles middleman in the chain distribution. Questions are asked: Are they women in this context exclusively criminals or are often and the product itself structural inequality, violence and economic necessities? What kind of role they have criminal organizations in recruitment and control woman as courier? How much are these women really perpetrators criminal works, and how many victims structural violence and social marginalization? Do exist effective programs of rehabilitation and resocialization for women convicted as "drug mules"? The methods used in the work include: descriptive method, analysis method, historical method, comparative method, as well as a critical analysis of the penal policy towards women in the role of " drug mules ".
Value: It examines an under-researched aspect of organized crime – the role of women not as organizers, but as instrumentalized actors. It provides a basis for further research on women in criminal structures and their treatment in the justice system.
Result: The value of the paper indicates that women as drug carriers often operate in the gray zone between complicity and victim. Although these women are legally perpetrators of criminal acts, their involvement in the drug trade is most often not the result of free choice, already a product of poverty, gender inequality, domestic violence, migration status or pressure from criminal groups. In this context, it is necessary to review the approach of the justice system, in order to ensure fairness, taking into account the specifics of gender, social background and personal circumstances of convicted women as " drug mules ".
Key words: women, drug trade, " drug mules" , criminal groups, victim, violence.
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