FLEXIBILITY LEVEL IN POLICE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Keywords:
flexibility, gender, students, policeAbstract
Flexibility influences the amplitude of body parts movement and consequently the efficiency of physical activities which are an integral part of police officers training and professional duties. The aim of this study was to determine the level of flexibility in students of the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies (UCIPS), as well as the differences between genders. The sample consisted of 121 participants, 51 female (age 20.2 ± 1.2 years) and 70 male students (age 20.3 ± 0.9 years). All participants were second year students. A battery of tests for flexibility assessment included: Sideways Leg Splits (SsLS), Sideward Leg Splits right (SdLS_right), Sideward Leg Splits left (SdLS_left), Single-Legged Knee Bend right (SLKB_right), Single-Legged Knee Bend left (SLKB_left), Lengthwise Leg Splits right (LLS_right), Lengthwise Leg Splits left (LLS_left), Sit and Reach (SR), and Shoulder flexibility (SF). The existence of the differences between groups was determined by ANOVA, at the significance level of p < 0.05. The differences were found in tests SsLS (F = 11.459, p = 0.001), SdLS_right (F = 8.440, p = 0.004), SdLS_left (F = 5.502, p = 0.021), SLKB_left (F = 5.545, p = 0.025), LLS_right (F = 11.481, p = 0.001), LLS_left (F = 18.008, p = 0.000), SR (F = 7.886, p = 0.006) and SF (F = 25.447, p = 0.000). The obtained results indicated different flexibility levels between female and male students. In relation to martial arts and other athletes UCIPS students had lower levels of flexibility. Percentage distribution results could be used as a scale for assessment of achieved level of flexibility in police university students.
References
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23. Nikookheslat, D.S., Faraji, H., Fatollahi, S., Alizadeh, M. (2016). Physical and Physiological Profile of Elite Iranian Karate Athletes. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 5(4): 35-44.
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25. Sorensen, L., Smolander, J., Louhevaara, L., Korhonen, O., Oja, P. (2000). Physical activity, fitness and body composition of Finnish police officers: a 15-year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine, 50(1): 3-10.
26. Stefanovic, D., Jakovljevic, S., Jankovic, N. (2010). Tehnologija pripreme sportista. Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Beograd.
27. Strating, M., Bakker, R., Dijkstra, G., Lemmink, K., Groothoff, J. (2010). A job-related fitness test for the Dutch police. Occupational Medicine, 60(4): 255-260.
28. Tamra, T., Robert, B. (2009). Sit and reach flexibility and running economy of men and women collegiate distance runners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(1): 158–162.
29. Timotijevic, V., Aleksic, B., Jovanovic, S., Suzovic, D. (2015). Morphological characteristics and flexibility at the junior karate competitors. Godisnjak, Fakultet sporta i fizickog vaspitanja Beograd, 224-236.
30. Timotijevic, V., Koropanovski, N. (2017). Police academy students initial level of flexibility: A pilot study. In “Archibald Reiss days”, Volume 3, Edt. Simeunović-Patić, B. (pp 413-422), Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade.
31. Wells, J. C. K. (2007). Sexual dimorphism of body composition. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 21(3), 415–430.
32. Zaciorski, V. M. (1975). Fizička svojstva sportiste. Belgrade, Serbia: Partizan.
2. Alvar, B., Sell, K., Deuster, P. A. (2017). NSCA’s Essentials of Tactical Strength and Conditioning (Eds). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
3. Anderson, G., Plecas, D., Segger, T. (2001). Police officers physical ability testing re-validating a selection criterion. An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 24(1), 8-31.
4. Boyce, R., Jones, G., Lloyd, C., Boone, E. (2008). A longitudinal observation of police: body composition changes over 12 years with gender and race comparisons. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 11(6), 1–13.
5. Bozic, P., Pazin, N., Berjan, B., Planic, N., Cuk, I. (2010). Evaluation of the field tests of flexibility of the lower extremity: reliability and the concurrent and factorial validity. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2523-2531.
6. Copay, A., Charles, M. (1998). Police academy fitness training at the police training institute, University of Illinois. An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 21(3), 416-431.
7. Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Flores, R. R., Lockie, R. G., Kornhauser, C., & Holmes, R. (2017). A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 29(1).
8. Dimitrijevic, R., Koropanovski, N., Dopsaj, M., Vuckovic, G., Jankovic, R. (2014). The influence of different physical education programs on police students’ physical abilities. An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37(4), 794-808.
9. Dopsaj, M., Milosevic, M., Vuckovic, G., Blagojevic, M., Mudric R. (2005). Dijagnostika stanja Indeksa telesne mase studenata Policijske akademije. Sportska medicina, 5(4), 180-191.
10. Dopsaj, M., Vuckovic, G. (2006). Pokazatelji maksimalne sile pregibaca leve i desne sake u funkciji selekcionog kriterijuma za potrebe policije. Sport Mont, 4(10-11), 148-154.
11. Filipcic, A., Filipcic, T. (2005). The relationship of tennis-specific motor abilities and the competition efficiency of young female tennis players. Kinesiology, 37(2), 164-172.
12. Grujic, I., Ohnjec, K., Vuleta, D. (2011). Comparison and analyses of differences in flexibility among top-level male and female handball players of different ages. Physical Education and Sport, Facta Universitatis, 9(1), 1-7.
13. Guffey, J. E., Larson, J. G., & Lasley, J. (2015). Police officer fitness, diet, lifestyle and its relationship to duty performance and injury. Journal of Legal Issues and Cases in Business, 3, 1–17.
14. Hauschild, V. D., DeGroot, D. W., Hall, S. M., Grier, T. L., Deaver, K. D., Hauret, K. G., Jones, B. H. (2017). Fitness tests and occupational tasks of military interest: a systematic review of correlations. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 74(2), 144–153.
15. Jackson, A. W., Langford, N. J. (1989). The criterion-related validity of the sit and reach test: Replication and extension of previous findings. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60: 384-387.
16. Jankovic, R., Dopsaj, M., Dimitrijevic, R., Savkovic, M., Vuckovic, G., Koropanovski, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the test for assessment of specific physical abilities of police officers in anaerobic-lactate work regime. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 13(1): 19-32.
17. Jaric, S., Ugarkovic, D., Kukolj, M. (2001). Anthropometric, strength, power and flexibility variables in elite male athletes: basketball, handball, soccer and volleyball players. Journal of human movement studies, 40: 453-464.
18. Katralli, J., Goudar, S.S., Itagi, V. (2015). A cross sectional study to assess flexibility and agility levels in Indian judo players. International Journal of Current Research and Review, Chandrapur , 7(3): 17-21.
19. Kukić, F., Dopsaj, M. (2017). Factorial analysis of body composition in Abu Dhabi policemen. Bezbednost, Beograd, 59(2), 5–26.
20. Lockie, R, Balfany, K., Bloodgood, A., Moreno, M., Cesario, K., Dulla, J., Dawes, J., Orr, R. (2019). The Influence of Physical Fitness on Reasons for Academy Separation in Low Enforcement Recruits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16: 372.
21. Lonsway, K. (2003), “Tearing down the wall: Problems with consistency, validity, and adverse impact of physical agility testing in police selection”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 237-277.
22. Malavolti, M., Battistini, N., Dugoni, M., Bagani, B., Bagani, I., Pietrobelli, A. (2008). Effects of intense military training on body composition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2): 503-508.
23. Nikookheslat, D.S., Faraji, H., Fatollahi, S., Alizadeh, M. (2016). Physical and Physiological Profile of Elite Iranian Karate Athletes. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 5(4): 35-44.
24. Rosch, D., Hodgson, R., Peterson, L., Graf-Baumann, T., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Dvorak, J. (2000). Assessment and evaluation of football performance. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28: 29-39.
25. Sorensen, L., Smolander, J., Louhevaara, L., Korhonen, O., Oja, P. (2000). Physical activity, fitness and body composition of Finnish police officers: a 15-year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine, 50(1): 3-10.
26. Stefanovic, D., Jakovljevic, S., Jankovic, N. (2010). Tehnologija pripreme sportista. Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Beograd.
27. Strating, M., Bakker, R., Dijkstra, G., Lemmink, K., Groothoff, J. (2010). A job-related fitness test for the Dutch police. Occupational Medicine, 60(4): 255-260.
28. Tamra, T., Robert, B. (2009). Sit and reach flexibility and running economy of men and women collegiate distance runners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(1): 158–162.
29. Timotijevic, V., Aleksic, B., Jovanovic, S., Suzovic, D. (2015). Morphological characteristics and flexibility at the junior karate competitors. Godisnjak, Fakultet sporta i fizickog vaspitanja Beograd, 224-236.
30. Timotijevic, V., Koropanovski, N. (2017). Police academy students initial level of flexibility: A pilot study. In “Archibald Reiss days”, Volume 3, Edt. Simeunović-Patić, B. (pp 413-422), Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade.
31. Wells, J. C. K. (2007). Sexual dimorphism of body composition. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 21(3), 415–430.
32. Zaciorski, V. M. (1975). Fizička svojstva sportiste. Belgrade, Serbia: Partizan.
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Published
2020-07-14
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Section
Effects of Physical Activity on Anthropological Status in Security Agency Per
