EUROPEAN LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
Keywords:
Combating Terrorism, Council of Europe, European Union, Serbia, Common Foreign and Security PolicyAbstract
The subject study contains an analytical overview of the most important legal acts on the suppression of terrorism adopted under the auspices of European regional organizations - the Council of Europe and the European Union. These acts essentially complement the United Nations legal framework, which aims to contribute to the universal fight against terrorism as an international crime that threatens international peace and security. Hence, in contemporary international relations, European countries have accepted the obligation to cooperate with each other in taking preventive and prohibitive measures and actions in the fight against international terrorism. Given that there are general standards in assisting in the detection, extradition, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators of terrorist acts, Serbia, as a candidate country for membership of the European Union, is obliged to harmonize its internal legislation with European legal standards for the suppression of international terrorism. This is due to the fact that Serbia through this process demonstrates its ability to engage in dialogue with all EU Member States on the implementation of the objectives of its Common Foreign and Security Policy, as well as on the fulfilment of the obligations arising from the pre-accession Chapter 24 concerning the harmonization of the domestic legal and institutional system with European standards in the area of freedom, justice and security.
References
1. Aust, A. (2010). Handbook of International Law, Cambridge, University Press, 2010.
2. Bodrožić, I. (2016), „Terorizam kao krivično delo u dokumentima međunarodnih organizacija”, Journal of Criminalistics and Law, 1(1), 212.
3. Cassese, A. (1989). Terrorism, Politics and Law – The Achille Lauro Affair, Oxford, Polity Press.
4. Cassese, A. (2005). International Criminal Law, Oxford, University Press, 2003.
5. Commission Directive 2006/70/EC of 1 August 2006 laying down implementing measures for Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definition of politically exposed person and the technical criteria for simplified customer due diligence procedures and for exemption on grounds of a financial activity conducted on an occasional or very limited basis, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 214, 04.08.2006.
6. Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism, League of Nations Official Journal, 1938, 19.
7. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of Proceedings from Crime, 8 November, 1990, E.T.S. 141.
8. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism, 16 May 2005, Council of Europe, E.T.S.198.
9. Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, 16 May, 2005, Council of Europe, E.T.S.196.
10. Council Decision 2005/671/JHA of 20 September 2005 on the exchange of information and cooperation concerning terrorist offences, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 253/22, 29.09.2005.
11. Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA of 28 November 2008 amending Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA on combating terrorism, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 330/21, 09.12.2008.
12. Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism, 2002/475/JHA“, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 164, 22.06.2002.
13. Council Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 of 27 December 2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 344, 28.12.2001.
14. Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1710 of 27 September 2016 amending Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism, Official Journal of the European Communities, LI 259/1 , 27.9.2016.
15. Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directive 2006/70/EC, Official Journal, L 141/73, 5.08.2015.
16. Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and amending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 88/6, 31.03.2017.
17. Directive (EU) 2018/843 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive (EU) 2015/849 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, and amending Directives 2009/138/EC and 2013/36/EU, Official Journal of the European Communities, L156/43, 19.06.2018.
18. Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 309, 25.11.2005.
19. Dimitrijević, V. (2004). „Terorizam i lјudska prava”, Godišnjak Udruženja za međunarodno pravo SCG, 80.
20. Dimitrijević, D. (2015). „Restriktivne mere protiv finansiranja terorizma kao deo Zajedničke spoljne i bezbednosne politike politike EU”, u: Suprotstavljanje savremenim oblicima kriminaliteta, analiza stanja, evropski standardi i mere za unapređenje, Beograd, Službeni glasnik.
21. Dimitrijević, D. (2016). „Prohibition of terrorism in international legal practice“, in: Dragana Kolarić (ed), International scientific conference “Archibald Reiss Days”, Thematic proceedings of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, (pp. 61-78), Belgrade, Pekograf.
22. Dimitrijević, D. (2018). „Evropski pravni okviri za suzbijanje međunarodnog terorizma”, Evropsko zakonodavstvo, (64), 156-174.
23. Dinstein, Y. (1989). “Terrorism as an International Crime”, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 1989, 19, 55.
24. European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism, Council of Europe, 27 January, 1977, E.T.S. 90.
25. Franck, T.M & Lockwood, B.B. (1974). “Preliminary Thoughts towards an International Convention on Terrorism”, American Journal of International Law, 68, 69–70.
26. Guillaume, G. (2004). “Terrorisam and International Law”, ICLQ, 53, 537-548.
27. Higgins, R. (1994). Problems & Process: International Law and How We Use It, Oxford, University Press.
28. Hudson, M.O. (1972). International Legislation, New York, Oceana Publication, 7, 862.
29. Hudson, R. (1999). “Тhe Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who becomes a terrorist and why?”, A Report Prepared under an Interagency Agreement by the Federal Research Division, Washington, Library of Congress.
30. Jovašević, D. (2017), „Krivična dela terorizma – evropski standardi i pravo Republike Srbije”, Vojno delo, 1, 318.
31. Kolarić, D. (2013). „Nova koncepcija krivičnih dela terorizma u Krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srbije”, Crimen, 2013, (1), 54-55.
32. Lambert, J.J. (1990). Terrorism and Hostages in International Law, Cambridge, Grotius Publications..
33. Protocol amending the European Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, Council of Europe. 27 January, 1977. E.T.S. 190.
34. Račić, O. (2015). Međunarodno pravo: stvarnost i iluzije, Beograd, Službeni glasnik.
35. Reisman, W.M., Arsanjani, M.H., Westerman, G.S., Wiessner, S. (2004). International Law in Contemporary Perspective, New York, Foundation Press.
36. Saul, B. (2008). “Reasons for Defining and Criminalizing 'Terrorism' in International Law”, Legal Studies Research Paper, 8(121), 208.
37. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Civil Aviation Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1971, 974.
38. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (Maritime Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1988, 1678.
39. The Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed On board Aircraft (Aircraft Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1963, 704.
40. The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Nuclear Materials Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1980, 1456.
41. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons including Diplomatic Agents (Diplomatic Agents Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1973, 1035.
42. The International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist Bombing Convention), UN Doc. A/RES/52/164, Annex.
43. The International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
(Terrorist Financing Convention), UN Doc. A/RES/54/109, Annex.
44. The Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf (Fixed Platform Protocol), United Nations Treaty Series, 1988, 1678.
45. The Protocol on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, United Nations Treaty Series 1990, 1589.
2. Bodrožić, I. (2016), „Terorizam kao krivično delo u dokumentima međunarodnih organizacija”, Journal of Criminalistics and Law, 1(1), 212.
3. Cassese, A. (1989). Terrorism, Politics and Law – The Achille Lauro Affair, Oxford, Polity Press.
4. Cassese, A. (2005). International Criminal Law, Oxford, University Press, 2003.
5. Commission Directive 2006/70/EC of 1 August 2006 laying down implementing measures for Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definition of politically exposed person and the technical criteria for simplified customer due diligence procedures and for exemption on grounds of a financial activity conducted on an occasional or very limited basis, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 214, 04.08.2006.
6. Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism, League of Nations Official Journal, 1938, 19.
7. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of Proceedings from Crime, 8 November, 1990, E.T.S. 141.
8. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism, 16 May 2005, Council of Europe, E.T.S.198.
9. Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, 16 May, 2005, Council of Europe, E.T.S.196.
10. Council Decision 2005/671/JHA of 20 September 2005 on the exchange of information and cooperation concerning terrorist offences, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 253/22, 29.09.2005.
11. Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA of 28 November 2008 amending Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA on combating terrorism, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 330/21, 09.12.2008.
12. Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism, 2002/475/JHA“, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 164, 22.06.2002.
13. Council Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 of 27 December 2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 344, 28.12.2001.
14. Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1710 of 27 September 2016 amending Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism, Official Journal of the European Communities, LI 259/1 , 27.9.2016.
15. Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directive 2006/70/EC, Official Journal, L 141/73, 5.08.2015.
16. Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and amending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 88/6, 31.03.2017.
17. Directive (EU) 2018/843 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive (EU) 2015/849 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, and amending Directives 2009/138/EC and 2013/36/EU, Official Journal of the European Communities, L156/43, 19.06.2018.
18. Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 309, 25.11.2005.
19. Dimitrijević, V. (2004). „Terorizam i lјudska prava”, Godišnjak Udruženja za međunarodno pravo SCG, 80.
20. Dimitrijević, D. (2015). „Restriktivne mere protiv finansiranja terorizma kao deo Zajedničke spoljne i bezbednosne politike politike EU”, u: Suprotstavljanje savremenim oblicima kriminaliteta, analiza stanja, evropski standardi i mere za unapređenje, Beograd, Službeni glasnik.
21. Dimitrijević, D. (2016). „Prohibition of terrorism in international legal practice“, in: Dragana Kolarić (ed), International scientific conference “Archibald Reiss Days”, Thematic proceedings of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, (pp. 61-78), Belgrade, Pekograf.
22. Dimitrijević, D. (2018). „Evropski pravni okviri za suzbijanje međunarodnog terorizma”, Evropsko zakonodavstvo, (64), 156-174.
23. Dinstein, Y. (1989). “Terrorism as an International Crime”, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 1989, 19, 55.
24. European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism, Council of Europe, 27 January, 1977, E.T.S. 90.
25. Franck, T.M & Lockwood, B.B. (1974). “Preliminary Thoughts towards an International Convention on Terrorism”, American Journal of International Law, 68, 69–70.
26. Guillaume, G. (2004). “Terrorisam and International Law”, ICLQ, 53, 537-548.
27. Higgins, R. (1994). Problems & Process: International Law and How We Use It, Oxford, University Press.
28. Hudson, M.O. (1972). International Legislation, New York, Oceana Publication, 7, 862.
29. Hudson, R. (1999). “Тhe Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who becomes a terrorist and why?”, A Report Prepared under an Interagency Agreement by the Federal Research Division, Washington, Library of Congress.
30. Jovašević, D. (2017), „Krivična dela terorizma – evropski standardi i pravo Republike Srbije”, Vojno delo, 1, 318.
31. Kolarić, D. (2013). „Nova koncepcija krivičnih dela terorizma u Krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srbije”, Crimen, 2013, (1), 54-55.
32. Lambert, J.J. (1990). Terrorism and Hostages in International Law, Cambridge, Grotius Publications..
33. Protocol amending the European Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, Council of Europe. 27 January, 1977. E.T.S. 190.
34. Račić, O. (2015). Međunarodno pravo: stvarnost i iluzije, Beograd, Službeni glasnik.
35. Reisman, W.M., Arsanjani, M.H., Westerman, G.S., Wiessner, S. (2004). International Law in Contemporary Perspective, New York, Foundation Press.
36. Saul, B. (2008). “Reasons for Defining and Criminalizing 'Terrorism' in International Law”, Legal Studies Research Paper, 8(121), 208.
37. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Civil Aviation Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1971, 974.
38. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (Maritime Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1988, 1678.
39. The Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed On board Aircraft (Aircraft Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1963, 704.
40. The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Nuclear Materials Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1980, 1456.
41. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons including Diplomatic Agents (Diplomatic Agents Convention), United Nations Treaty Series, 1973, 1035.
42. The International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist Bombing Convention), UN Doc. A/RES/52/164, Annex.
43. The International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
(Terrorist Financing Convention), UN Doc. A/RES/54/109, Annex.
44. The Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf (Fixed Platform Protocol), United Nations Treaty Series, 1988, 1678.
45. The Protocol on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, United Nations Treaty Series 1990, 1589.
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Published
2020-07-14
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Section
Contemporary Security Challenges
