JURISDICTIONAL CHALLENGES OF CYBERCRIMES AND THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Keywords:
Cybercrime, Jurisdiction, International Criminal Court, Rome Statute, UN Charter, ProsecutionAbstract
Purpose
The International Criminal Court's (ICC) Prosecutor's recent announcement,
considering the investigation of cybercrimes that violate the Rome Statute, highlights
the growing relevance and jurisdictional challenges posed by cybercrime offenses in
the digital age. The Rome Statute sets out the crimes falling within the jurisdiction of
the ICC, the rules of procedure, and the mechanisms for states to cooperate with the
ICC. It established four core international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity,
war crimes, and the crime of aggression. While the Rome Statute does not explicitly
mention cybercrime, such crimes may meet the elements of core international crimes
already defined. This research aims to critically examine the jurisdictional challenges
faced by the ICC in prosecuting cybercrimes under its mandate, focusing on the
gravity issues. The study explores the ICC's potential role in addressing cybercrime
offenses, considering the growing relevance and complexities posed by these crimes
in the digital age, and the absence of explicit provisions in the Rome Statute.
Methodology
This qualitative research aims to examine the jurisdictional challenges of
prosecuting cybercrimes under the ICC's mandate and explore the Court's potential
role in addressing cybercrimes offenses. Employing a comprehensive doctrinal
research approach and grounded theory analysis, the study will review Rome Statute,
relevant international legal frameworks, case studies, and expert opinions to identify
the challenges, such as variations in national cybercrime laws, differences in the rules
of evidence and criminal procedure, evidence collection, and the international
standardization of evidentiary requirements in terms of admissibility in a court of law.
Findings
The research is expected to reveal that while cybercrimes can theoretically
qualify as international crimes under the ICC's jurisdiction, successful prosecutions in
the near future may be hindered by the gravity challenges. The study will highlight
the need for the ICC to develop expertise and capacity in investigating and
prosecuting cyber activities, potentially focusing on incidents where cyber operations
support kinetic strikes against protected persons and objects. The research is expected
to yield insights into the legal and practical implications of extending the ICC's
jurisdiction to cybercrimes, as well as recommendations for adapting legal
frameworks and developing the Court's capacity to effectively address cybercrimes
1 Corresponding author’s e-mail is chaudharynaeem133@gmail.com
offenses. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of the ICC's proactive
approach in anticipating and responding to the evolving nature of international crimes
in the digital domain, and the need for ongoing research and collaboration between
the ICC, states, and tech companies to ensure accountability for cybercrimes that
threaten international peace and security.
Originality/Value
This research provides a novel and comprehensive analysis of the jurisdictional
challenges faced by the ICC in prosecuting cybercrimes, contributing to the
understanding of the Court's role in addressing these offenses in the digital age.
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